Nursing Management of Patients With Chronic Illness: A Review of Best Practices In Medical-Surgical Units

Abstract

Chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic kidney disease, and respiratory disorders, constitute a significant portion of global morbidity and mortality, placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Within hospital settings, medical-surgical units play a critical role in delivering comprehensive and coordinated care to patients with chronic conditions. Nursing management in these units extends beyond acute care interventions, encompassing holistic approaches that address physical, psychological, and social needs. This review aims to synthesize evidence-based best practices in nursing care for patients with chronic illnesses in medical-surgical units, highlighting strategies that optimize patient outcomes, enhance quality of life, and reduce hospital readmissions. The methodology for this review involved a structured search of peer-reviewed articles, guidelines, and reports from 2015 to 2025 in databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. Keywords included “chronic illness,” “nursing management,” “medical-surgical nursing,” “evidence-based practice,” “patient-centered care,” and “self-management support.” Articles focusing on adult patients in hospital-based medical-surgical units were included, while pediatric and psychiatric populations were excluded. Twenty-five studies and guidelines meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed for recurring themes and best practices.The findings indicate that effective nursing management of chronic illness requires a multifaceted approach, including patient education on self-management, medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, pain management, and psychosocial support. The integration of technology, such as telehealth and electronic health records, further strengthens care continuity. Nurses’ roles extend to care coordination, discharge planning, and collaboration with interdisciplinary teams, which are essential in reducing complications and hospital readmissions. Additionally, evidence supports the value of culturally sensitive communication, motivational interviewing, and family involvement in improving adherence and health outcomes.The review concludes that nursing management in medical-surgical units must transition from a solely acute-care model to a holistic chronic care framework that emphasizes continuity, education, and empowerment. Nurses are positioned as pivotal change agents in implementing evidence-based strategies to improve long-term outcomes for patients with chronic illness. Future research should continue to explore innovative interventions, technology integration, and nurse-led programs to enhance chronic illness care.