Molecular and Chemical Evaluation of Water Tank Contamination with Escherichia coli and Microplastics in Baghdad Schools Using 16S rRNA and FTIR

Abstract

Water pollution remains a critical environmental and public health concern worldwide, particularly in urban areas with deteriorating infrastructure and limited water quality monitoring. In Iraq, school water tanks—often made of plastic—serve as a primary source of water in school but may be prone to contamination.

This study investigates the presence of Escherichia coli and microplastic particles in water tanks from eight schools across Baghdad’s Karkh and Rusafa districts, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A total of 96 water samples were collected during both dry and wet seasons, from December 2023 to August 2024.

The results revealed a high prevalence of microplastics, primarily fibers and fragments composed of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), along with significant detection of E. coli. A positive correlation was observed between microplastic concentration and bacterial density, indicating that microplastics may serve as a medium for bacterial growth. These findings underscore the health risks posed by aging plastic water tanks in schools and highlight the need for regular monitoring and improved infrastructure to ensure safe drinking water for students.