Mapping Nitrate Distribution And Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment Via Hazard Index For Infants

Abstract

Nitrate contamination in drinking water has become a major public health concern, as high nitrate levels have been linked to various health issues. This study was conducted to assess nitrate concentrations in the groundwater of Bellandur by collecting and analyzing thirty groundwater samples during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Analysis results showed that 53.33% and 56.67 % of samples exceeded the BIS limit for nitrate in drinking water (45 mg/L) during pre- and post-monsoon seasons respectively. Health risks related to non-carcinogenic effects from nitrate exposure through drinking water were evaluated, focusing on infants who are particularly vulnerable to nitrate-induced methemoglobinemia. The Health Risk Index, HI was calculated based on Chronic Daily Intake (CDI), with findings indicating that 76.67% and 83.33% of the samples in the pre-and post-monsoon respectively, had HI values above 1, suggesting a significant risk of nitrate exposure, posing a health threat to the residents. This underscores the need for effective strategies to control and manage nitrate contamination sources, safeguarding groundwater quality in the area.