Evaluating the Antioxidant Potential of Naringin in Combating Sodium Nitrite-Induced Heart dysfunction in male rats

Abstract

Sodium nitrite is extensively utilized as a food preservative; nevertheless, excessive exposure has been associated with oxidative stress. Citrus fruits naturally contain naringen, a flavonoid with strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. In a rat model, this study sought to assess naringen ability to prevent sodium nitrite-induced heart oxidative dysfunction. Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: Rats in the control group (C) were given only food and water for the course of the investigation. Sodium Nitrite Group (G1): Rats were given oral sodium nitrite at a dose of 5 mg/kg/BW and, after three weeks, were given oral naringin at a dose of 25 mg/kg/BW. Rats in the naringin + sodium nitrite Group (G2) were given an oral dose of 25 mg/kg/Bw of naringin along with 5 mg/kg/Bw of sodium nitrite. Naringin Group (G3): During the trial, rats were given naringin orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg/BW. The results showed that oral intubation of Sodium nitrite for 45days  induce oxidative heart stress, by a substantial elevated   (P≤0.05) in troponin I, ck-mb , LDH  ,  malondialdehyde MDA  and decrease in GSH, whereas naringen  was given orally showed a considerable decrease  (P≤0.05) in cardiac markers and MDA with inceased in  GSH. Histological examination revealed myocardial changes . Co-treatment with naringenin markedly attenuated these changes, restoring antioxidant levels and preserving cardiac damage tissue . The outcome of this study indicate that by improving the antioxidant defense system and maintaining myocardial structure, naringen significantly minimizes the harmful impact of sodium nitrite on heart tissue.