Emerging Applications Of Nanotechnology In Orthodontics: A Review

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in modern orthodontics, offering innovative solutions to longstanding clinical challenges such as plaque accumulation, enamel demineralization, prolonged treatment duration, and appliance failure. Manipulating materials at the nanoscale, orthodontic components—including wires, brackets, adhesives, ligatures, power chains, and temporary anchorage devices—have been enhanced for superior antimicrobial activity, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and surface durability. Incorporation of nanoparticles like silver, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and bioactive glass has shown promising results in reducing white spot lesions, improving bracket bonding, and resisting bacterial colonization. Surface modification techniques like nanoimprinting and nanocoating have further optimized the functional and hygienic properties of orthodontic materials. However, despite these advantages, challenges such as cytotoxicity, lack of long-term clinical data, regulatory barriers, and high production costs remain. This review consolidates current evidence on the applications, benefits, and limitations of nanotechnology in orthodontics, emphasizing its potential to enhance treatment outcomes and patient care while highlighting the need for further clinical validation.