A Study To Investigate The Biological Properties Of Althaea Officinalis

Abstract

Background: Althaea officinalis (marshmallow plant) has a long history of use in traditional medicine for its soothing, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects. Despite its widespread use, comprehensive scientific evaluation of its biological properties remains limited. This study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical composition and key biological activities of A. officinalis extracts, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Methods: Roots and leaves of A. officinalis were collected, dried, and subjected to extraction using aqueous and ethanol solvents. Phytochemical screening was performed to identify major secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Antimicrobial activity was measured against selected bacteria and fungi using the disc diffusion method. Anti-inflammatory potential was assessed through protein denaturation and membrane stabilization assays. All experiments were conducted in triplicate and analysed statistically.

Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, saponins, and mucilage. Ethanolic extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity with significant free radical-scavenging capacity. Noticeable antimicrobial effects were observed particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with moderate activity against fungal strains. The plant extracts also exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, producing significant inhibition of protein denaturation compared to the standard drug.

Conclusion: The study confirms that Althaea officinalis possesses notable antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, validating its traditional medicinal applications. These findings suggest that the plant is a promising natural source for developing therapeutic agents. Further studies, including in vivo models and compound isolation, are recommended to explore its full pharmacological potential.