Adsorptive Removal Of Methylene Blue And Crystal Violet Dyes From Wastewater Through A Fixed-Bed Column Of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

An effective and affordable technique of cleaning colored effluents was required due to the many detrimental impacts that dye-contaminated sewage has on the environment, human health, and other living things. Examples of agricultural waste that are produced in large quantities that are easily accessible and cheaply priced include sawdust, sugar cane bagasse, wheat husk, and coconut shells. Due to their abundance of functional groups with binding capabilities dye molecules, these lignocellulosic waste are effective and durable absorbents for wastewater treatment. This study uses a fixed-bed column filled with copper nanoparticles to look into the elimination of crystal violet and methylene blue  from wastewater. The process variables being examined consist of input dye concentrations ranging from 200 to 600 mg/L, flow rates from 5 to 20 mL/min, and bed depths from 2 to 9 cm.  FTIR detected Cu-O stretching vibrations and stabilizing chemicals, whereas BET analysis revealed a 10–100 m²/g mesoporous surface. FESEM showed 10-100 nm spherical to quasi-spherical CuNPs. FTIR and FESEM confirmed dye binding. Fixed-bed column studies at pH 7-9, 4-6 cm bed depth, and moderate temperatures of 25-35 °C revealed good adsorption. Adsorption occurred spontaneously and endothermically in spite of pseudo-second-order kinetics.