AI-Driven Adaptive Power Management System with Multi-Source DC Supply, PI, and PID Motor Control

Abstract

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) demands intelligent power management systems to support auxiliary and control subsystems like infotainment, lighting, cooling, and communication modules, which require stable power despite source fluctuations. Traditional single-input supplies risk instability, so this Paper develops a smart power switching and regulation system using multiple DC inputs from Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS). An ATmega328 microcontroller with adaptive algorithms monitors input voltage, load demand, efficiency, and availability in real time, ensuring seamless source switching without disrupting output. MATLAB simulation of the adaptive power management system validates its performance, while hardware implementation confirms practical feasibility. A graphical interface provides real-time monitoring of voltages, currents, load status, and switching events. The system also integrates speed control of a DC motor using PI and PID control, ensuring efficiency, reliability, and safety across EVs, renewable microgrids, robotics, and industrial automation.