Erythrocyte Antioxidant And Membrane Atpase Responses To Pyrethroid Pesticide Exposure In Freshwater Catfish

Abstract

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid that is particularly toxic to fish and other aquatic invertebrates. Despite the fact that pyrethroid residues linked with sediment have been used in agriculture for many years, nothing is known about how harmful they are to aquatic life. Nowadays, the majority of research on oxidative stress in fish evaluates the enzymatic activity in organs including the kidneys, liver, and gills. However, despite the fact that erythrocytes may be more vulnerable to oxidative damage than the majority of other cells, little is known about their antioxidant defense system or systems. It is also known that changes in the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane during oxidative stress might affect the erythrocytes' membrane-bound enzymes. Hence, the aim was to study the toxicological effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on erythrocyte antioxidants and membrane bound ATPases in Freshwater Catfish. Significant biochemical changes were observed in fish erythrocytes following exposure to pyrethroids. By day 30 (P < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity had first increased significantly before declining noticeably. Significant decreases in catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were observed by day 45 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), suggesting weakened antioxidant defense. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity decreased dramatically (P < 0.05) near the conclusion of the exposure, indicating neurotoxicity. Overall significant decreases (P < 0.01) were also observed in membrane-bound Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase activity, indicating compromised ion transport and membrane integrity.