Influence Of Particulate Matter Pollutants On COVID-19 In The Greater Chennai Region Using In-Situ Data And AERMOD Modelling

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant that has been associated with negative effects on respiratory health. This study investigates the relationship between particulate matter pollutants and their influence on COVID-19 transmission, positivity, and mortality in selected zones of the Greater Chennai region. Utilizing real-time in-situ data, we analyzed PM2.5 and PM10 pollution levels and employed AERMOD modeling to simulate the dispersion of pollutant concentrations across six distinct zones over four time periods. Our findings identified Annanagar, Ambattur, Valasaravakkam, and Kodambakkam as pollution hotspots, with levels surpassing the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) norm of 60μg/m³. The predicted PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations impacted 349 streets and 32 wards, covering approximately 7.41 km² and 21.2 km², respectively, with PM10 levels being widely distributed throughout the study area. This study emphasizes the vital importance of air quality modeling in comprehending the dynamics of disease transmission, especially in the densely populated regions of Chennai, and its potential to combat infectious diseases like COVID-19. Our findings revealed that PM10 concentrations were consistently double those of PM2.5 both prior to and following the lockdown. Furthermore, higher levels of particulate matter were linked to a rise in COVID-19 deaths, with a 54% increase tied to PM2.5 and a 60% rise associated with PM10 pollution in the designated areas.