Comparative Evaluation of Enamel Abrasion Caused By Charcoal-Containing and Conventional Toothpaste Using an Oscillatory Toothbrush: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Background: Maintaining enamel integrity is crucial for long-term oral health. With the growing popularity of whitening products, charcoal-containing toothpastes have emerged as a trending choice due to their purported ability to remove stains and impurities. However, concerns have been raised about their potential to increase enamel abrasion due to their abrasive composition.

Aim: The aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the abrasiveness caused by charcoal-containing toothpaste and conventional toothpaste on human enamel using an oscillatory toothbrush under a profilometer.

Materials and Methods: Twenty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n=10). Group A was brushed with Colgate^® Charcoal Black Gel Toothpaste, and Group B with Colgate^® Total Advanced Health Anti-germ Toothpaste. Brushing was simulated using a powered toothbrush under a standardized 250 g force for 2 minutes twice daily over 60 days. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer before and after the brushing regimen.

Results: Both groups exhibited an increase in enamel surface roughness. Group A showed a significantly higher increase in Ra (0.21 ± 0.06 µm) compared to Group B (0.05 ± 0.02 µm) (p < 0.05), indicating greater abrasivity of the charcoal-based toothpaste.

Conclusion: Charcoal-containing toothpaste resulted in significantly more enamel abrasion than conventional toothpaste. While effective in stain removal, such dentifrices may compromise enamel integrity over time. Further clinical studies are needed to corroborate these findings and assess their implications in real-world oral hygiene practices.