Exploring the Medicinal Properties of Underutilized Zingiberaceae Family Plants: A Comparative Study of Thikur, Ginger, and Turmeric

Abstract

The Zingiberaceae family, encompassing over 1,300 aromatic, rhizomatous species, is a cornerstone of traditional medicine and culinary practices across tropical and subtropical regions. This comparative study delves into the medicinal properties of three prominent members: Thikur (Curcuma angustifolia), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and turmeric (Curcuma longa). While ginger and turmeric are globally recognized, Thikur, an underutilized plant, presents significant therapeutic potential warranting deeper exploration. This literature review systematically examines the phytochemical composition, pharmacological effects, and diverse applications of these plants. Turmeric is rich in curcuminoids, notably curcumin, known for its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Ginger, on the other hand, is characterized by gingerols and shogaols, responsible for its well-documented anti-nausea, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Thikur, though less studied, contains curcumin and essential oils that contribute to its traditional use in gastrointestinal health, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory remedies.

Pharmacologically, turmeric shines with its anticancer, hepatoprotective, and immune-modulatory effects, making it valuable for chronic disease management. Ginger is a proven remedy for nausea and digestive issues, also demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Thikur's unique contributions lie in its efficacy for wound healing, respiratory conditions, and antimicrobial applications. Beyond their medicinal uses, these plants hold immense economic and culinary significance, driving agricultural economies in many tropical countries. However, their cultivation faces challenges including environmental sensitivity, soil quality issues, and susceptibility to pests and diseases, impacting yield and quality. This study underscores the individual and synergistic therapeutic value of Thikur, ginger, and turmeric. Future research should prioritize enhancing the bioavailability of their active compounds and developing sustainable cultivation practices to fully harness their potential in both preventive and therapeutic medicine, contributing to global health and biodiversity conservation.