Spatial Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of River Water Quality in the Southern Landfill of India

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of river water samples collected from nine locations in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Water quality was evaluated using standard IS 3025 and APHA procedures. Parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, ammonia, turbidity, iron concentration, and microbiological indicators were compared with BIS drinking water standards. The investigation identified significant spatial variations in water quality. Most samples exhibited acceptable pH and TDS values, whereas turbidity exceeded permissible limits in several locations. Marthandam  and Munchirai samples indicated evidence of contamination requiring attention. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and integrated watershed management strategies.  This study presents a comprehensive assessment of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of river water samples collected from nine locations in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Water quality was evaluated using standard IS 3025 and APHA procedures. Parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, ammonia, turbidity, iron concentration, and microbiological indicators were compared with BIS drinking water standards. The investigation identified significant spatial variations in water quality. Most samples exhibited acceptable pH and TDS values, whereas turbidity exceeded permissible limits in several locations. Marthandam  and Munchirai samples indicated evidence of contamination requiring attention. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and integrated watershed management strategies.  This study presents a comprehensive assessment of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of river water samples collected from nine locations in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Water quality was evaluated using standard IS 3025 and APHA procedures. Parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, ammonia, turbidity, iron concentration, and microbiological indicators were compared with BIS drinking water standards. The investigation identified significant spatial variations in water quality. Most samples exhibited acceptable pH and TDS values, whereas turbidity exceeded permissible limits in several locations. Marthandam  and Munchirai samples indicated evidence of contamination requiring attention. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and integrated watershed management strategies.  This study presents a comprehensive assessment of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of river water samples collected from nine locations in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Water quality was evaluated using standard IS 3025 and APHA procedures. Parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, ammonia, turbidity, iron concentration, and microbiological indicators were compared with BIS drinking water standards. The investigation identified significant spatial variations in water quality. Most samples exhibited acceptable pH and TDS values, whereas turbidity exceeded permissible limits in several locations. Marthandam  and Munchirai samples indicated evidence of contamination requiring attention. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and integrated watershed management strategies.  This study presents a comprehensive assessment of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of river water samples collected from nine locations in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Water quality was evaluated using standard IS 3025 and APHA procedures. Parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, ammonia, turbidity, iron concentration, and microbiological indicators were compared with BIS drinking water standards. The investigation identified significant spatial variations in water quality. Most samples exhibited acceptable pH and TDS values, whereas turbidity exceeded permissible limits in several locations. Marthandam  and Munchirai samples indicated evidence of contamination requiring attention. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and integrated watershed management strategies.  This study presents a comprehensive assessment of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of river water samples collected from nine locations in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Water quality was evaluated using standard IS 3025 and APHA procedures. Parameters including pH.