Phytochemistry And Pharmacological Potential Of Piper Methysticum: Influence Of Plant Parts And Implications For Neurodegenerative Disorders

Abstract

In the past few years, there has been an increasing fascination with the healing possibilities of herbal remedies, especially in tackling conditions associated with the central nervous system (CNS), including neurodegenerative ailments and anxiety-related issues. In contrast to synthetic pharmaceuticals, herbal remedies typically exhibit a reduced incidence of side effects and tend to be more economical. Among these, Piper methysticum has attracted interest because of its diverse array of bioactive constituents, such as kavalactones, flavokavains, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids. The components play a significant role in its therapeutic effects, encompassing sedative, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, and muscle-relaxing characteristics. This analysis thoroughly investigates the phytochemical makeup of Piper methysticum, its pharmacokinetics, modes of action, and therapeutic possibilities in neuropsychiatric conditions. The physiological impacts of kava are primarily linked to its engagement with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, suppression of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), adjustment of calcium and sodium ion channels, and its effect on essential neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Recent research has additionally investigated its possibilities in pain relief, anticonvulsant effects, and cancer therapy. Nonetheless, apprehensions about the hepatotoxic effects and safety characteristics of various kava formulations demand additional clinical and toxicological research. This evaluation emphasises the existing understanding of Piper methysticum, points out deficiencies in research, and explores its promise as a bioactive agent for central nervous system disorders and various therapeutic uses.