Cut Throat Injury An Iceberg Of Deteriorating Mental Health Among Rural Young Population –A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Cut throat injuries represent a severe manifestation of psychosocial distress and are often associated with poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, interpersonal conflicts, and substance abuse, particularly in rural youth. Limited awareness and access to mental health services in these populations exacerbate vulnerability, making such injuries an iceberg of underlying deteriorating mental health.

Objectives: To assess the demographic and socioeconomic profile of patients with cut throat injuries, evaluate precipitating psychosocial factors and underlying psychiatric conditions, and analyse the severity, anatomical distribution, and outcomes of such injuries.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was conducted at a tertiary care centre from January 2019 to December 2024, including 39 patients aged 15–80 years who presented with cut throat injuries and underwent emergency neck exploration. Data regarding demographic details, socioeconomic status (Kuppuswamy scale), precipitating factors, psychiatric assessment, site and depth of injury, structures involved, and management outcomes were collected and analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Of 39 patients, 92.3% were below 45 years and the male-to-female ratio was 11.7:1. A majority (79.5%) belonged to rural background and 69.2% to middle socioeconomic class. Suicidal intent accounted for 74.3% of cases, with family conflicts (28.2%) and financial crisis (25.6%) being major precipitating factors. Substance abuse was documented in 82%, while anxiety and depression were noted in 23.1% and 28.2%, respectively. Zone II of the neck was most commonly involved (64.1%), with deep vascular injuries in 71.8%. ICU admission was required in 23% of cases, with an average hospital stay of 14±10 days.

Conclusion: Cut throat injuries among rural youth are a critical indicator of hidden mental health deterioration, predominantly linked to psychosocial distress and substance abuse. The predominance of suicidal attempts, Zone II involvement, and psychiatric comorbidities highlight the urgent need for early identification of at-risk individuals, routine psychiatric evaluation, and community-based preventive strategies. Strengthening rural mental health services and reducing stigma are essential to lower the burden of such self-harm.