Assessment Of Temperature And Precipitation Characteristics Under Climate Change In Sudan

Abstract

For twenty-five observation stations spread over Sudan, three meteorological variables—monthly rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature values were taken into consideration for the 65 years from 1958 to 2022.  Two approaches were used to calculate the Aridity Index (AI), which was based on yearly and seasonal data on temperature and precipitation.to ascertain Sudan's aridity conditions throughout the study period. Also, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) which is widely used as a drought meteorological index, to identify drought characteristics including the number of events, frequency, duration, and intensity. In the present study, measuring Sudan's drought aridity is the main objective of this study. Measurements of seasonal, monthly, or the same area's yearly humidity and aridity also have the goal of determining the climatic categorization for the twenty-five stations that are part of this study.   Finally, to assist decision-makers in the natural resources sectors, a map representing all aspects of the drought was created, highlighting the areas that were most impacted over the course of the study. Three meteorological drought indexes based on climatic variables were therefore used. Therefore, the Thornthwaite method was used to estimate the monthly/seasonal Aridity Index, and the research area was classified into five distinct categories: Arid conditions (less than 16) were documented at Atbara. AlAtun, Gebeit, Dongola, Dogash, portsudan, AubHamed and wadiHalfa around 65 years, in contrast, semi-arid climatic conditions are identified in the region of Aduragi., Khartoum and Umm Durman during summer  Arid conditions were observed for the same stations during winter, spring, and Autumn, and Humid circumstances (16-31), were observed at EdDueim,WadMedani  Elfasher ,kosti Elobeid Zallngei,Nyala, Kadogli, Genena and Gadarif stations during summer season. Very humid (≥ 128), recorded at Abu-Na-ama in the summer seasons.  De Martonne approach was used to apply the yearly AI. Thus, the results were divided into four main categories: Semi-Arid ( -5) at Kosti, Fasher, Wad Madnie, and Kassala stations; Sub-Humid (values -10), represented by Sennar; Very Humid (values are shown by Zellngei, Kadogli, Abu Nama, and Gadarif); and Arid (value???? at Khartoum, ummDurman Aduragi, AlAtun, Gebeit Atbara Dongola, Dogash, portsudan, AubHamed, and WadiHalfa stations. These findings show that drought has been common in the study area and has rapidly moved southward.