Environmental Business Management: An Expanded Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Environmental Business Management (EBM) is an interdisciplinary approach that integrates ecological sustainability into all facets of business operations and decision-making. In the face of pressing global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, depletion of natural resources, and rising levels of pollution, corporations are increasingly compelled to adopt environmentally responsible practices. EBM emphasizes sustainable resource use, eco-innovation, cleaner production, circular economy models, and socially responsible governance as means of achieving both financial growth and ecological balance. This expanded review explores the historical evolution of EBM, theoretical underpinnings, modern strategies, and case applications from global industries. It also critically examines the barriers and opportunities that exist in embedding EBM within corporate structures. The paper concludes by presenting future research directions and the role of policy, digital technology, and stakeholder participation in shaping a sustainable business environment for the 21st century.