Assessing Coral Reef Degradation And Its Impact On Coastal Erosion Around Indian Shores Using Remote Sensing And GIS-Based Modelling

Abstract

This investigation presents a comprehensive evaluation of coral reef degradation and its consequential impacts on coastal erosion patterns along Indian coastlines through integrated remote sensing technologies and Geographic Information System (GIS) modelling approaches. The research encompasses four critical reef regions: Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, Lakshadweep Islands, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Gulf of Kachchh. Multi-temporal satellite imagery spanning 2010–2024 was analysed using advanced machine learning algorithms to classify coral health status and quantify shoreline dynamics through the Digital Shoreline Analysis System methodology.

The findings demonstrate substantial coral cover reductions directly correlated with increased coastal erosion rates, where degraded reef systems exhibit diminished wave attenuation capabilities and reduced natural coastal protection services. Predictive vulnerability models incorporating reef health parameters reveal heightened erosion risks, particularly following significant bleaching episodes in 2016 and 2023–2024. Economic assessment estimates coral reef coastal protection services between ₹8.7–23.4 crores per kilometre annually, establishing the cost-effectiveness of conservation strategies over engineered alternatives.

This study delivers actionable recommendations for integrated coastal zone management, emphasizing ecosystem-based adaptation methodologies and Payment for Ecosystem Services frameworks to maintain reef resilience and support coastal community livelihoods under escalating climate pressures.