Effect Of Awareness Program On Knowledge On Prevention Of Cervical Cancer Among Female Commercial Sex Workers

Abstract

Context: High-risk sexual behaviour is a significant factor affecting the sexual and reproductive health of individuals. Commercial sex work, often referred to as one of the world's oldest professions, continues to be heavily stigmatized especially towards the individuals engaged in it. Numerous studies highlight that healthcare providers sometimes demonstrate reluctance or resistance in offering services to sex workers, which compromises their access to essential healthcare. Despite being at higher risk, the awareness, mindset, and behaviours of female sex workers (FSWs) regarding cervical cancer remain largely undocumented.

Objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an awareness program in improving knowledge related to cervical cancer prevention and to promote awareness of its risk factors among FSWs. Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 16 and 18, is the primary cause of cervical cancer. Although cervical cancer is both preventable and treatable, effective prevention depends largely on public awareness, routine screening, and timely vaccination. Research indicates that female sex workers (FSWs) are frequently overlooked in national cervical cancer screening initiatives. Health education plays a fundamental role in health promotion, and by fostering behavioural change and enhancing communication strategies, the incidence and mortality rates associated with cervical cancer can be substantially reduced.

Methodology: A descriptive research design was employed. The study was conducted in the red-light area of Budhwar Peth, Pune. A total of 307 commercial sex workers were selected using purposive sampling. After obtaining informed consent, a structured knowledge questionnaire was administered to assess baseline knowledge (pre-test). An awareness program on cervical cancer prevention was then conducted. A post-test assessment was carried out seven days later using the interview method.

Results: The findings showed a significant improvement in knowledge scores among the participants following the intervention, indicating the effectiveness of the awareness program.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that targeted awareness programs can significantly enhance knowledge regarding cervical cancer prevention among female commercial sex workers. Improving awareness and education in this vulnerable population is a critical step toward reducing the burden of cervical cancer.