Clinical Profile, Laboratory Parameters And Outcome Of Acute Kidney Injury Patients Following Acute Gastroenteritis - A Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Nitrogenous substances and other waste products that the kidneys typically remove are retained as a result of a rapid reduction in kidney function that is known as acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly known as acute renal failure. Through hypoperfusion processes, acute gastroenteritis (AGE) can result in acute kidney damage (AKI). Mortality rates can be considerably reduced by detecting AGE-induced AKI early. Finding the correlation between the clinical profile, laboratory results, and prognostic outcome of AKI prevention through prompt and effective extracellular fluid restoration is the aim of this retrospective investigation.

Materials and Methods: There were sixty people in the study, which was a retrospective observational study. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that had been pre-tested and validated. Demographic data was also gathered, along with the patient's age and sex, other concomitant disorders, clinical examination, duration of hospitalization, cause of diarrhea, hemodialysis status, and laboratory results (serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen [BUN], serum potassium, and serum sodium). In particular; on the first, third, and seventh days following admission, laboratory tests were acquired. The WHO scale's clinical signs and symptoms of dehydration are also used to classify patients.

Results: Most patients were aged 51–60, predominantly male (38) and from rural areas (65%). All had loose stools; only 6.6% showed jaundice. Obese Class I was common (33.3%), while just 10% had normal BMI. Hyponatremia (26.66%) and hypertension were key concerns, with severe dehydration in 16.6%. Significant associations were found between urine output and treatment (p=0.001), and age group and treatment (p=0.005), indicating better survival with adequate urine output.

Conclusion: Acute kidney injury (AKI) often follows gastroenteritis in developing nations but has a good prognosis with early detection. For preventive and prompt response, it is essential to improve clinical awareness, public education, and hygienic behaviors.