Comparing The Effect Of Lumbar Stabilization Exercise With And Without Motor Control Training On Pain And Function In Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain Among Sewing Machine Operators

Abstract

Background:  Chronic Low back pain (CLBP) is commonly associated with occupational risk factors such as prolonged working hours, sustained awkward postures, repetitive movements, and inadequate rest periods. Studies show that working beyond eight hours, sitting continuously for over two hours, and performing monotonous tasks significantly increase the risk of neck and lower back pain. Sewing machine operators are particularly vulnerable to CLBP due to the nature of their work. Chronic LBP is linked to structural and histomorphologic changes in the lumbar paraspinal muscles, including muscle atrophy, fat infiltration, and poor neuromuscular coordination, which contribute to pain, muscle deconditioning, and reduced function.

To address these issues, various exercises have been recommended, including lumbar stabilization exercises (LSE), motor control exercises (MCE), core strengthening, lumbar flexion exercises, walking programs, and bracing. Among these, LSE and motor control training target deep stabilizing muscles, enhancing spinal control and posture. Research shows that motor control and Pilates-based stabilization exercises are more effective than minimal intervention and as effective as other exercise types. Core stability and back pain-specific stabilization exercises outperform general exercise in improving spinal function. Overall, strength, coordination, and stabilization-based exercises are most effective in managing chronic LBP.

Methods: A total of 100 participants who are sewing machine operators and diagnosed with chronic low back pain were included in this interventional study. Participants underwent a structured physiotherapy protocol, five times a week for six weeks. Pre- and post-treatment assessments were conducted using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to assess the impact of back pain on daily functional activities, Prone Plank Test and Pressure Biofeedback Test for Lumbar Muscle Endurance & Motor Control. Data analysis was performed using paired t-tests.

Result: A significant reduction in pain was observed (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a statistically significant increase in functional capacity and core stability and endurance (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The lumbar stabilization exercise (LSE) with motor control training (MCT) is significantly more effective than LSE alone in reducing pain, improving function and enhancing the core muscle endurance in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) among sewing machine operators.