Impact Of Traditional Vrikshayurveda Formulations On Growth And Phytochemical Profiles Of Intercropped Ocimum Sanctum

Abstract

The revival of ancient agroecological knowledge, particularly Vrikshayurveda, offers promising solutions for sustainable agriculture and conservation of medicinal plants. This study investigates the impact of two traditional bioformulations—Kunapajala and Panchagavya—on the growth performance, physiological health, and phytochemical enrichment of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) intercropped with Solanum tuberosum (Potato) in the Hamirpur region of Himachal Pradesh, India. A randomized block design with six treatments (Control, FYM, RDF, Kunapajala, Panchagavya, and Kunapajala + Panchagavya) was implemented under field conditions. Growth attributes such as plant height, leaf area, biomass, and root architecture showed substantial improvement in the Kunapajala + Panchagavya treatment. Phytochemical analysis revealed elevated chlorophyll a (1.45 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.64 mg/g), total carotenoids (0.38 mg/g), anthocyanins (0.37 mg/g), and total pigment concentration (3.1 mg/g). The treatment also enhanced ascorbic acid (24.5 mg/100g), total soluble proteins (1.91 mg/g), and essential oil yield (0.61%). Moisture content and ash content were recorded at 80.5% and 2.9%, respectively. Soil nutrient uptake was significantly higher, with N (2.7%), P (0.37%), K (2.1%), and micronutrients such as Fe and Zn reaching 148 ppm. Total acid concentration in Tulsi leaf extracts reached 4.3, reflecting enhanced biosynthetic activity. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of Vrikshayurveda bioformulations in promoting phytochemical richness, nutrient density, and sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants. This integrative eco-centric farming approach not only aligns with SDG goals on health, biodiversity, and sustainable agriculture but also reinforces the relevance of traditional knowledge systems in climate-resilient, low-input, organic crop production.