Comparative Antioxidant and Anti-Fungal (Malassezia furfur) Activities of Glycine max L., Vigna radiata L., and Phaseolus vulgaris L.: Optimal Active for Anti-Irritation Efficacy and Nanoemulsion-Based Formulation Development

Abstract

Oil extraction efficiency, bioactive properties and formulary potential of soybean (Glycine max L.), green bean (Vigna radiata L.) and red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) oils were evaluated in the present investigation. The oil yields of the hexane extracts were 20.10±0.55%, 2.36±0.32% and 1.92±0.04%, respectively. In general, green bean oil (GBO) had the highest antioxidant potential (lowest IC₅₀ values) in DPPH radical scavenging assay (0.62±0.03mg/mL) and lipid peroxidation (0.05±0.01mg/mL, the same as ascorbic acid), compared to other above extracts. Soybean oil exhibited the weakest antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ levels of 0.99±0.05 and 0.59±0.25 mg/mL, respectively. None of the oils tested had a high inhibition against Malassezia furfur compared to that by the positive control, which is ketoconazole (31 mm). HET-CAM test revealed non-irritant activity of green bean oil (irritation score; 0.00±0.00). In vitro formulations screening Nano emulsion formulation (oil green bean; oil/surfactant ratio=1:1) as per preparation technique was found to be most stable in mean of droplet size (110-150 nm) with high zeta potential (-35 mV). These findings suggest that GBO is a well preserved potent natural antioxidant that is non-irritative and can be used in topical formulations.