Expressions of Small Quantity in Vietnamese and Their Functional Equivalents: A Comparative Study with Mandarin 一点儿 And 一些

Abstract

Rather than expressing quantity through precise numerical constructions, Vietnamese speakers often rely on subjective linguistic estimations when referring to small or indeterminate amounts. These expressions, shaped by individual cognition and contextual nuance, reflect the speaker’s perception more than objective measurement. Typically, Vietnamese uses the structure “numeral + classifier + noun” to denote specific quantities of objects or events. However, when the quantity is vague or minimal, a range of lexical items such as một ít, một chút, một vài, and một số are employed—each carrying distinct semantic and pragmatic functions. In contrast, Mandarin Chinese offers fewer equivalents for expressing small quantities, with terms like: 些, 少许, or 几个 serving similar roles. This limited inventory poses challenges for learners attempting to draw parallels between Vietnamese and Chinese expressions of quantity, especially in translation and bilingual interpretation. This paper delves into the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of Vietnamese expressions denoting small amounts, analyzing their degrees of quantification and comparing them with their Mandarin counterparts. By highlighting the linguistic richness and stylistic diversity of Vietnamese, the study underscores key considerations in cross-linguistic translation and sheds light on the cognitive-linguistic strategies underlying quantity expression in both languages.