Spectacle-Related Ocular Injuries AND Their Forensic Significance: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64252/r8kmf324Keywords:
Ocular trauma, Glasses injury, Protective eyewear, Forensic Examination.Abstract
Background: Spectacle-induced ocular trauma, although underreported, presents notable challenges in both clinical and forensic domains. These injuries may result from blunt impact, falls, or assaults and are shaped by environmental, mechanical, and behavioral factors.
Objective: To synthesize current evidence on spectacle-related ocular injuries, analyze their forensic relevance, and propose preventive strategies grounded in empirical data.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted by searching PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for literature published between 2000 and 2025. A total of 82 peer-reviewed articles, forensic case reports, and safety guidelines met the inclusion criteria, focusing on spectacle-associated injuries, their mechanisms, forensic assessments, and prevention.
Results: The most common injuries were contusions (77%), lacerations, globe ruptures, and retinal detachments, mainly from sports, falls, or assaults. Spectacle-related injuries showed 41% incidence of lens dislocation or retinal dialysis, with polycarbonate lenses offering greater protection than glass. Alcohol was involved in 8% of falls and 37.9% of assaults. Forensic reconstruction relied on lens/frame damage, high-resolution imaging, and 3D modeling.
Conclusion: Spectacles serve both corrective and injury roles. Forensic analysis of injury patterns aids medicolegal case reconstruction. Prevention through impact-resistant materials, public awareness, and protective standards is crucial. Further research is needed in biomechanics and policy, especially for vulnerable groups like children and the elderly.
