Mapping And Assessing Groundwater Resources Of Vasai In Maharashtra, India, Using GIS

Abstract

Groundwater is a vital component for sustainable development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions where demand often exceeds supply. This study evaluates and maps the groundwater potential zones of Vasai Taluka, Maharashtra (India), employing a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based weighted overlay analysis. The assessment incorporated multiple thematic layers, including slope, soil type, geology, geomorphology, lineament density, drainage density, land use/land cover, and rainfall, each weighted and ranked according to their relative influence on groundwater recharge, determined through expert judgment and literature review. Spatial integration and analysis were performed using ArcGIS 10.5, classifying the study area into high, moderate, and low groundwater potential zones. Results indicated that regions with gentle slopes, permeable soil (Fluvisols), low drainage density (0-57.16 m/km²), and high lineament density (188.02-235.03 m/km²) exhibit higher recharge potential, whereas steep slopes, high drainage density (230.72-428.70 m/km²), and less permeable soils (Cambisols and Nitisols) correspond to lower potential. The GIS-WOA analysis revealed that a significant part of Vasai Taluka falls under moderate groundwater potential, with smaller areas of high- and low-potential zones. The analysis further highlighted the importance of integrated thematic factors, recommending that zones with gentle slopes, high lineament density, and favorable soils be prioritized for conservation, while low-potential areas require targeted artificial recharge interventions.