Biosynthesis And Characterization Of Gold Nanoparticles Using Pyracantha Crenulata Leaves And Evaluation Of Its Antimicrobial And Anticancer Activities

Abstract

A green technique that enables one-pot synthesis is plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Because of its many uses, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extracts has drawn attention in the biomedical area. In this work, the aqueous extract of Pyracantha crenulata leaves is used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via green chemistry. At room temperature, the AuNPs were created. By detecting the surface plasmon resonance at 538 nm, UV-Vis spectroscopy verified the creation of AuNPs. The crystalline character of Au nanoparticles was suggested by the XRD spectra of Pyracantha crenulata Au NP’s, which revealed that the particles were cubic closed packed (ccp) phase crystals. Pyracantha crenulata Au NP’s EDX spectra revealed a modest peak at about 0.25 keV and 0.5 keV that may have been caused by the biomolecules linked to the Au NPs' surface, as well as a sharp, strong signal at 2.1 keV that confirmed the existence of elemental Au. Spherical nanoparticles are visible in TEM examination. The existence of certain bioactive molecules in charge of the Au³⁺ ion reduction process was shown by FTIR analysis. Bacterial cultures were cultivated in soybean casein digest agar medium (SCDM) for antimicrobial activity analysis, while fungal cultures were cultivated in potato dextrose agar medium, which was created by a method at varying concentrations against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus oryzae. The zone of inhibition has diameters of 5.0 mm, 8.0 mm, 10.0 mm, and 8.0 mm, in that order. The anti-cancer capability of gold manufactured nanoparticles was assessed by both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments using two MTT and SRB assays in hepatic (hep-2) cell lines and cancer induction of cancer cell line (hep-2) in Swiss albino rat’s livers. Anticancer tests were also conducted to assess many parameters, including tumor weight, haemoglobin content, viable and non-viable cells, RBC, and WBC count. It was discovered to have an impact on reducing the proliferation of cancer cell lines and providing a zone of inhibition.