Study on the Causes and Clinical Features of Thrombocytopenia in a Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

Background: Thrombocytopenia refers to a reduction in platelet concentration to below 150,000 per microliter of blood. It may arise from diverse etiologies and presents with a wide spectrum of clinical features. The present investigation focuses on identifying the underlying causes, categorizing the degree of platelet reduction, and assessing how the condition varies with respect to age and gender. Objective: To determine the range of causes contributing to thrombocytopenia, classify its severity according to platelet count thresholds, and evaluate its occurrence across different age brackets and between sexes. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 200 patient records from Saveetha Medical College between October and December 2023. Blood counts were obtained using an automated hematology analyzer, and only samples showing platelet levels under 150,000/µL were included for further study. Confirmation of thrombocytopenia was performed by preparing and reviewing peripheral blood smears. Results: The leading cause identified was acute febrile illness, followed in frequency by megaloblastic anemia and dengue infection. The condition was observed more often among male patients, with the highest incidence in individuals aged 21–40 years. The majority of affected cases fell into the Grade 1 category of thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Infectious diseases, notably dengue, remain the primary contributors to reduced platelet counts. Acute febrile conditions also play a major role in disease burden. The disorder predominantly affects males and is most common in the 21–40 year age range, with mild cases being the most frequent presentation.