Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Supervisory Leadership Training Using Kirkpatrick's Model: Evidence From PPSDM Kemendagri Makassar

Abstract

The Supervisory Leadership Training Program (Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Pengawas, PKP) aims to strengthen managerial competencies among civil servants in Indonesia. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the PKP program conducted at PPSDM Kemendagri Regional Makassar using Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Model: Reaction, Learning, Behavior, and Results. A mixed methods design was employed, combining quantitative data from 107 alumni and qualitative interviews with facilitators, organizers, and mentors. The findings show high participant satisfaction with facilitators and training content, although some digital infrastructure limitations were reported. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge, leadership skills, and confidence, though engagement during online sessions remained a challenge. Behaviorally, most alumni applied new competencies in the workplace, but organizational support influenced the extent of application. At the results level, positive impact was observed in several work units; however, the lack of a structured post-training monitoring system limited long-term performance evaluation. This study underscores the need for integrated training and performance management systems to ensure sustainable public sector leadership development.