Aligning Global And Regional Sustainability Frameworks: A Thematic Comparative Analysis Of GSAS 2019 And LEED V5 In The Gulf Region

Abstract

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region has seen rapid urbanization, resulting in urgent demands for sustainable construction frameworks that integrate environmental efficiency, socio-cultural identity, and operational resilience. This study conducts a thematic comparative analysis of the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS 2019) and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED v5), focusing on Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), Cultural–Economic Value (CEV), and Operational Management (OM). A mixed-methods approach was utilized, incorporating a comprehensive literature review (2020–2025), an analysis of Qatar’s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) protocols, and empirical data from GSAS training, site visits, and expert consultations. This method enabled the integration of qualitative cultural and operational elements with quantitative sustainability metrics, ensuring a thorough evaluation. Research indicates that LEED v5 provides superior performance-based requirements, particularly regarding indoor air quality, occupant health, ventilation, and resilience. Nevertheless, its global framework exhibits limited adaptability to hot and arid environments. In contrast, GSAS 2019 demonstrates improved contextual alignment by incorporating socio-cultural values, lifespan assessment, and operational efficacy into its methodology. These findings reinforce the dominant scholarly consensus that sustainability frameworks must extend beyond universal standards to incorporate culturally informed solutions, biophilic design, and adaptive operational management.

The document suggests approaches to harmonizing international standards with regional requirements, thus fostering environmentally sustainable, culturally cohesive, and operationally robust structures in the Gulf region. The findings provide evidence-based recommendations for architects, engineers, and policymakers seeking to improve sustainable practices in hot and arid climates.