Effect of Fly Ash Reinforcement on the Mechanical Properties and Environmental Sustainability of 316L Stainless Steel Composite

Abstract

The reinforcements of metal matrices using industrial by-products have gained substantial attention in the field of materials science and metallurgical engineering. This study investigates the incorporation of fly ash as a reinforcement in 316L austenitic stainless steel produced through powder metallurgy. The work explores the influence of varying fly ash weight percentages (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) on key properties including corrosion behavior, wear resistance, density, hardness, and environmental impact. Components were consolidated at a compaction pressure of 750 MPa and sintered at 1100 °C. Based on the generated data derived from current research reports and simulated experimental conditions, the study reveals that the addition of fly ash can significantly modify the composite microstructure, leading to improvements in specific properties while introducing a trade-off in others. This paper presents detailed comparisons organized in tables for each investigated property, providing a comprehensive overview for materials scientists and metallurgical engineers interested in the development of advanced composites using low-cost, sustainable reinforcement materials.