Land Use Planning Model For Geological And Social Coexistence. Case: Geochemistry Of The Paucarcolla District, Puno, Peru

Abstract

The development of society largely depends on soils, whose geochemistry provides essential information about the concentration and distribution of chemical elements that affect agriculture, the environment, and urban or rural areas. This study proposes a land-use planning model applied to the district of Paucarcolla, Puno, Peru, based on the geochemical characterization of agricultural alluvial soils. The methodology included systematic sampling of regoliths and soils within a 2x4 km grid, resulting in 24 samples and 3 repetitions, georeferenced and analyzed by ICP-OES (EPA 6010 and 3051-A), together with soil fertility parameters following the NOM-021-RECNAT-2000 standard. Results showed clayey and silty clay loam soils, with pH values ranging from 4.70 to 8.60, low levels of organic matter and nitrogen, and concentrations of heavy metals that exceeded international standards but remained within Peruvian regulations. Mapping identified cultivable soils, pastures, fallow lands, and urban expansion areas. This baseline supports sustainable territorial planning and management.