Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots and Catalytic Applications Towards Renewable Energy

Abstract

The global enthusiasm for carbon-based nanomaterials, particularly carbon quantum dots (CQDs), has grown significantly due to their unique physicochemical characteristics and a broad spectrum of potential applications. In this review, the synthesis, classification, and potential applications of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been comprehensively deliberated. The synthesis approaches can be largely categorized into two different groups: the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach, while hydrothermal synthesis, microwave-assisted carbonization, and electrochemical methods are some of the most effectual and scalable tactics. CQDs are characterized by unique features: biocompatibility, less toxicity, tunable photoluminescence, and excellent chemical stability, which makes them fit for bioimaging, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, energy generation and storage applications. The applications of CQD are conversed, with the possibility of being functional in several fields, together with optoelectronics and environmental sensing. Although scaling up and ensuring consistency are significant challenges, ongoing research holds the promise of unlocking new opportunities in advanced materials and technologies within the fields of nanotechnology and materials science.