Extraction and Characterization of Bio-Based Ligno-Cellulosic Fibers for Sustainable Material Applications

Abstract

Abutilon Indicum stem fiber (AI) and Borassus Flabellifer (Palmyra) fruit fiber (BFF) plant is abundantly available in countries like India, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia etc. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of AI, BFF as a potential source of natural fibers and the performance properties. The fibers were extracted from the AI plant, BFF fruit by biological retting process, which is a green route for the extraction of natural fibers. To evaluate the properties of two lignocelluloses fibers for eco- friendly nonwoven, composite, and textiles applications through analyzing their morphological, chemical, and thermal properties. The SEM images revealed a rough and uneven surface with longitudinal grooves which highlights the potential for good adhesion with the polymer matrix of AI and a smoother, denser shape with fewer surface striations in BFF. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of major constituents of the natural fiber such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. The Thermo Gravimetric Analysis confirms its stability up to 250-390°C, which is higher than the polymerization temperature and sharper degradation peaks. The resulted of surface morphology, functional groups and thermal analysis of the AI and BFF fibers, which would result in production of better biodegradable, cold weather clothing, packaging and cushioning materials, sound absorbing panels, eco-friendly pet animal livestock mat, structurally durable nonwoven materials and eco-composite and thermal insulation applications.