Investigations The Bacterial Salmonella Pollution Between Local Slaughtered, Random Slaughter And Imported Chicken Meat In Karbala Province

Abstract

Salmonella is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. These organisms are of critical concern globally due to their significant role in foodborne illnesses and zoonotic diseases.     A total of 120 fresh chicken meat samples were collected from five regions in Karbala City, Iraq: Al-Hur, Al-Hindiya, Ain-Tamr, Al-Huseiniyah, and the city center. The samples were categorized into three groups: in each region should be contain 24 samples collection which contain locally slaughtered chickens (8 ), imported chicken meat (8), and    randomly slaughtered chickens (8), form each region of karbala province, From each chicken, thigh and breast cuts were aseptically excised using sterile scalpels and placed in individually labeled sterile bags. Samples were transported under refrigeration (4°C) to the laboratory within 24 hours for further analysis. One gram chicken  from each sample for all species with a sterile wood spatula, put it into an Erlenmeyer flask etc. and add 9 ml buffered peptone water , Mix and Incubate at 37°C overnight (18-24 hours) then Transfer 1 ml of the pre-enrichment with a pipette to 10 ml Tetrathionate broth (Müller-Kaufmann). Incubate at 37° C for human sample and 41°C ± 0.5°C for animal samples, overnight (18-24 hours) then Spread a 10 μl loop full from the inoculated and incubated Tetrathionate broth on XLD and on SS agar plates and incubate at 37°C overnight (18-24 hours). Through the current study, it was found that the areas where the infection was recorded were in two regions Al-Hindiya and Al-Husayniya, while the least areas were in the Ain Al-Tamr. The Salmonella species isolated from various aspects of the broiler breeder project environment were distributed among four species, with the following percentages: S. typhimurium: 11 isolates (52%), S. enterditis: 7 isolates (33%), S. goodwood: 2 isolates (10%),  S. senftenberg: 1 isolate (5%). bacterium was found on XLD agar with a small red colony and a black center.