Role of Islet Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes: A Review Article

Abstract

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune illness marked by progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin deficiency. Islet autoantibodies (AABs) are early indicators of autoimmunity and have a critical role in predicting illness onset, particularly in genetically at-risk individuals. Early seroconversion, especially in young children, is closely linked to faster progression to clinical T1D. This review discusses the role of AABs in illness staging, risk assessment, and the potential benefits of early screening.

Objective: Our objective is to evaluate the role and clinical significance of islet autoantibodies, including their timing, sequence, and number, and how they relate to T1D progression and early diagnosis strategies.

Conclusion: Islet autoantibodies are key biomarkers in the preclinical phase of T1D. Incorporating screening and early metabolic monitoring into clinical practice may decrease the possibility of diabetic ketoacidosis at identification and allow for timely intervention to delay or prevent disease onset.