Systematic Literature Review Of Conservation Experience Of The Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros In The Northeast Region Of India

Abstract

The paper presents a systematic literature review on the conservation experience of the one-horned rhinoceros in the northeastern region of India. The study looks at various studies to identify seven key thematic areas: history of rhinoceros conservation, behavioural and habitat adjustments following translocation, food choices and nutritional issues, the impact of rapidly accelerating climate change on rhino behaviour, the use of spatial modelling for habitat expansion, and the crucial importance of involving local communities in conservation efforts. Additionally, the review highlights changes in rhino feeding habits according to the seasons, the health impact of grassland accessibility, and the success of predictive models in anticipating poaching trends. The review includes 18 selected studies from an initial pool of 91 records sourced from Scopus and Google Scholar, concentrating on terms such as “Greater one-horned,” “Northeast,” and “Conservation.” A few research papers indicate that a translocation initiative in Manas National Park was successful, with the relocated animals acclimating to their new surroundings. GIS-based spatial modelling serves as a vital instrument for identifying and monitoring suitable habitats, while forecasting models have shown promise in predicting poaching trends and informing anti-poaching strategies. Local community engagement has also proven significant, as evidenced by initiatives in Nepal and parts of Assam, where it reduced poaching risks. Although conservation efforts like the Indian Rhino Vision 2020 have achieved commendable milestones, challenges driven by climate change, such as flooding and habitat destruction, continue to represent serious threats. The findings call for cohesive strategies incorporating scientific research, government actions, habitat modelling, community empowerment and anti-poaching schemes to ensure the species' long-term survival.