The Pharmaceutical Toxicity-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Enzyme Dysfunction in Albino Rats

Abstract

Introduced in 1952, the synthetic antibiotic isoniazid remains a critical first-line medication for tuberculosis. Its effectiveness is largely attributed to its high selectivity and potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The toxicological effects of isoniazid on albino rats are investigated in this work. Albino rats were used in the controlled laboratory setting for the investigation. the LD₅₀ was calculate by use probit analysis, the LD₅₀ vale was 1500 mg/kg. the chronic exposure period was 30 days, using the sub lethal concentration 150 mg/kg (10% of LD50) of isoniazid, rats were split into two groups: control, and treatment, by use three replications for each, each replication contain 5 rats. The liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), environmental stress enzymes (MDA), and oxidative stress enzymes (CAT and SOD) were measured at 1, 15, and 30 days of experiment. Results demonstrated that isoniazid exposure led to significant increases in antioxidant enzymes like CAT in rats shows a significant increase in all days of the experiment at (p ˂ 0.001), while SOD shows non-significant decrease in the 1st day, and non-significant increased 15th day of the experiment and recorded increased non-significant in last days. MDA shows non statistically change through all experimental days at (p ˂ 0.05). Liver function values such as AST and ALP which show non-significant decrease in all days of experiments, while the ALT value shows non-significant increase in experiments, at (p ˂ 0.05). The study concluded that exposure to low amounts of Isoniazid leads to liver damage, Isoniazid induces oxidative stress in rats. which reduces rats' health.