Asymmetric Federalism And Identity Politics: Comparing Special Status Provisions In Jammu & Kashmir Vs. Northeast States

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between asymmetric federalism and identity politics in India by comparing the special status provisions granted to Jammu & Kashmir (Article 370) and the northeastern states (Article 371). Through a comparative analysis, this study explores how differential constitutional arrangements have shaped center-state relations, influenced regional identity formation, and contributed to varying patterns of political polarization. The research reveals that while both regions received special status to address their unique historical, cultural, and geographical circumstances, the implementation and evolution of these provisions have produced divergent outcomes in terms of political integration, identity assertion, and federal harmony. The abrogation of Article 370 in 2019 provides a critical juncture for understanding the limits and possibilities of asymmetric federalism in managing diversity within a federal democracy.