Advances in Electroplating Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Meeting Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

The electroplating and metal finishing industries play a pivotal role in the advancement of the manufacturing sector. Despite their economic and functional advantages such as reduced water usage and lower waste production these industries are major contributors to environmental pollution due to the release of toxic heavy metals and cyanide compounds. The low permissible limits of these pollutants make their removal critical for both ecosystem and human health protection. While conventional treatment methods like chemical precipitation, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis are commonly used, electrochemical techniques such as electrodialysis and electrocoagulation have emerged as efficient and sustainable alternatives. This paper reviews current treatment strategies, including physical, chemical, and electrochemical methods, with an emphasis on post-treatment and sludge management. It also discusses the alignment of these technologies with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in the context of water reuse, zero liquid discharge, and environmental sustainability. The study aims to highlight industrial trends, environmental implications, and future prospects in advancing electroplating wastewater treatment technologies.