Characterization of Parameters Impacted BY Laser Treatment in Melisma

Abstract

Melasma is a pigmentation disorder caused by disrupted regulation of melanin production. It results in acquired hyperpigmentation, typically appearing as symmetrical brown or grayish-black patches with irregular borders. These patches are most common in sun-exposed areas. Laser therapy is a widely used treatment approach. In this study, the Spectra VRM III laser, operating at a 1064 nm wavelength, was used. This laser reduces pigmentation by breaking down excess melanin deposits in the skin. Treatment effectiveness depends on several factors. This study aimed to identify the key variables that influence the number of sessions required. Two significant factors were the melasma area and thermal diffusion length. A negative correlation was observed between these two: as the melasma area increased, the thermal diffusion length decreased, leading to more treatment sessions. The melasma area also showed a negative impact on the melanocyte inhibition coefficient. Larger areas reduced the laser’s ability to suppress melanocyte activity, resulting in a higher number of sessions. Additionally, the absorbed melanin pigment weight increased with the melasma area, further contributing to the need for extended treatment.