Sheep Farming for Resilient Dryland Livelihoods – A Review

Abstract

Sheep farming plays a pivotal role in enhancing the resilience of dryland communities by providing multifunctional benefits such as meat, wool, milk, and manure, while serving as mobile financial assets during economic and climatic shocks. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the strategic importance of sheep-based systems in drought-prone regions, emphasizing their adaptability, low input requirements, and integration into traditional and modern farming practices. The scope covers economic viability, nutritional security, gender empowerment, market dynamics, environmental sustainability, and technological innovations. Evidence from diverse geographies highlights how sheep contribute to household income, food access, and ecological balance, particularly in resource-constrained settings. The review also explores challenges such as disease, feed scarcity, and limited institutional support, proposing solutions through policy frameworks, climate-resilient breeds, and inclusive extension services. By integrating indigenous knowledge with scientific advancements, sheep farming emerges as a cornerstone of sustainable development in drylands. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, infrastructure development, and participatory approaches to unlock the full potential of sheep-based livelihoods. This comprehensive analysis offers insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners aiming to strengthen climate adaptation and socio-economic resilience in vulnerable agro-ecosystems.