Amphibian Diversity And Conservation Challenges In India: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

India harbors more than 450 amphibian species, many of which are unique to the region and play vital ecological roles, such as serving as indicators of environmental health and controlling pest populations. Despite their significance, amphibians are often overlooked in the country’s conservation priorities. Their populations are increasingly threatened by rapid habitat destruction, agricultural intensification, pesticide contamination, infrastructure growth, climate variability, and emerging diseases. A large proportion of these amphibians inhabit areas outside formal protected zones, and only a limited number benefit from legal protection under Indian wildlife legislation. This review brings together current information on the diversity and conservation status of amphibians in India, outlining key threats, current conservation efforts, and gaps in scientific understanding and policy frameworks. It stresses the importance of using modern molecular methods for taxonomic clarity, adopting better habitat management practices in human-impacted landscapes, and fostering public awareness and community participation. Effective conservation of amphibians in India will depend on collaborative scientific research and increased societal engagement to safeguard this crucial but neglected group.