"Evaluation of the Effect of a Combination of Zinc, Fructose, And Pumpkin Seeds on Sperm Count in Male Wistar Rats."

Abstract

Male infertility is a major global health concern, with low sperm count and poor semen quality being key contributors. This study investigated the effects of a combined supplementation of zinc, fructose, and pumpkin seeds on reproductive and systemic health in male Wistar rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, treated orally for eight weeks. Reproductive parameters, hormonal profiles, and histopathology of major organs were assessed. The 100 mg/kg group showed improved semen quality and enhanced germ cell development, while the 150 mg/kg group demonstrated the most optimal outcomes, including increased sperm count (100–118 million/mL), motility (76–84%), viability (86–92%), balanced gonadotropins, and preserved organ histology with vigorous spermatogenesis. The 200 mg/kg group exhibited the highest semen parameters (120–122 million/mL count, 88–92% motility) but developed severe multi-organ toxicity including renal, cardiac, pancreatic, and testicular degeneration. Overall, supplementation at moderate doses (100–150 mg/kg) enhanced reproductive potential, with 150 mg/kg identified as the safest and most effective therapeutic dose, while supraphysiologic dosing (200 mg/kg) induced systemic toxicity. These findings highlight the potential of zinc, fructose, and pumpkin seeds as synergistic agents in improving male fertility, warranting further investigation for clinical translation.