Pharmacological Evaluation of Capparis Zeylanica Linnplant Extract in Letrozole-Induced PCOS in Rat

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting reproductive-age women globally. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology, often accompanied by insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. The current study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of Capparis zeylanica Linn ethanolic extract in a letrozole-induced PCOS rat model. Letrozole was administered orally for 21 days to induce PCOS, followed by treatment with Capparis zeylanica Linn extract at doses of 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg. Clomiphene citrate served as the standard comparator. Multiple parameters including body weight, fasting blood glucose, serum testosterone, and physical symptoms (hair loss, vaginal dryness, skin infections) were monitored. Histopathological assessment of ovarian tissue was also performed. The extract at 300 mg/kg significantly reversed PCOS-associated alterations, as evidenced by normalized testosterone and glucose levels, improvement in estrous cyclicity, and restoration of ovarian architecture. Additionally, notable reductions in external symptoms were observed by Day 49. Phytoconstituents in Capparis zeylanica Linn, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids, likely mediated its anti-androgenic, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing effects. The extract’s efficacy was dose-dependent and comparable to that of clomiphene citrate. Overall, this study highlights the multifactorial efficacy of Capparis zeylanica Linn in managing PCOS and supports its potential as a phototherapeutic alternative to conventional treatments