Influence of Three Distinct Wavelengths of Photobiomodulation on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement and The Level of Interleukin-6

Abstract

Aim and Objective: To assess the impact of an intraoral photobiomodulation device, operating on wavelengths of 740, 850, and 940 nm, on the rate of accelerated orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Background: Orthodontic treatment can be time-consuming when it comes to conventional mechanics due to time duration. Photobiomodulation (PBM) can hasten the rate of tooth movement, which uses visible red to near-infrared wavelengths of light. Methods: 15 male and 15 female individuals, aged 13 to 28 years, with 10 patients in groups named A, B, and C, including 5 males and 5 females in each one. These groups underwent photobiomodulation therapy, utilizing three distinct wavelengths of 740, 850, and 940 nm, respectively. The split-mouth technique designated the 1st and 3rd quadrants as experimental and the 2nd and 4th quadrants as control, measuring the decrease in crowding both before pretreatment and after three months. The rates of OTM and IL-6 levels were assessed on the first day (D0), 21st day (D21), and 81st day (D81). Results: All three groups showed statistically significant differences in pretreatment and after three months of photobiomodulation in both mean OTM value and IL-6 levels at different time periods. Conclusions: The OTM showed a statistically significant difference on comparing pre-treatment levels to those measured after three months across all three groups. The IL-6 levels peaked in patients from Group A on Day 21, followed by Groups B and C on Day 81, respectively. Photobiomodulation led to increased IL-6 levels and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. Clinical Significance: Photobiomodulation leads to accelerated tooth movement.