Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System: Emerging Trends And Innovative Approaches In Drug Solubility Enhancement

Abstract

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are lipid-based formulations designed to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. These systems consist of isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants/co-solvents that spontaneously form fine oil-in-water emulsions upon mild agitation in gastrointestinal fluids, increasing surface area for dissolution and facilitating absorption. Recent advancements include the development of self-nanoemulsifying systems (SNEDDS) with nanometer-sized droplets, supersaturable SEDDS (S-SEDDS) to maintain higher drug concentrations, and solid SEDDS (S-SEDDS) for improved stability and handling. Formulation strategies involve careful selection of excipients such as medium- or long-chain triglycerides, non-ionic surfactants like Cremophor® EL or Tween® 80, and co-solvents like Transcutol® P. Applications extend to anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive agents, with potential in transdermal, ocular, and parenteral delivery. However, challenges remain in scaling up production, ensuring long-term stability, preventing drug precipitation, and addressing surfactant-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Future directions emphasize green manufacturing, safer biocompatible excipients, stimuli-responsive delivery, and integration with nanotechnology for precision medicine. These innovations position SEDDS as a versatile platform capable of overcoming solubility barriers and advancing modern drug delivery.