Impact of Substrate Height on Resonant Frequency of a Sputtering-Printed 28 GHz Microstrip Monopole Antenna

Abstract

This research article aimed to design a 28 GHz printable microstrip monopole antenna on a polyimide substrate with varying thicknesses. To investigate the impact of substrate thickness variation on the resonating frequency. And introduced a new fabrication technique. To employ regression modelling and analyze the data obtained from the simulation results. The article developed quadratic polynomial equations that investigated the relationship between substrate height, center frequency, and bandwidth. The proposed antenna was designed with a compact size of 6 x 4.5 x 0.2 mm³ and realizes a bandwidth of (23.24 GHz - 31.54 GHz) with a return loss of 37.48 dB and 94% radiation efficiency. The proposed nanotechnology sputtering printing technique offers an effective printing technique that produces many antennas in a single operation. These enable mass production within a short period, reduce manufacturing costs, and save time. It also allows the production of smaller-dimension antennas even at the nanoscale. The antenna prototype was successfully printed with effective conductivity and surface roughness using the novel sputtering technique. The antenna was tested and validated for millimeter-wave applications. The paper demonstrated the fundamental mechanisms for antenna designers, which gave insight into frequency sensitivity and millimeter-wave applications.