Synthesis Of Bio-Derived Carbon Reinforced LDPE Composite From Waste Plastic And Its Characterization For Possible Applications

Abstract

The extensive use of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in consumer and industrial applications has raised significant environmental concerns due to its persistence and low degradability. In this work, a composite material incorporating activated carbon (AC) nanoparticles into LDPE was developed to enhance its physical, thermal, and functional properties, with potential applications in environmental remediation and packaging. Activated carbon, derived from coconut shells and mechanically milled, was melt-blended with LDPE at varying ratios. The resulting composites exhibited a reduced density (0.229 g/cm³), a stable melting point (180 °C), and increased water-holding capacity (1.1%) compared to neat LDPE. Improvements in surface hardness (Shore D: 42), electrical resistivity (197 MΩ), and complete opacity (black coloration) were observed. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed moderately uniform dispersion of nanocarbon particles (250–428 nm) within the matrix, with localized agglomeration contributing to increased interfacial surface area. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the dominant presence of carbon (93.7 wt%, 95.7 at%) and oxygen, along with trace elements (Fe, Ti, Ca, Si), indicating successful integration of the filler and chemical stability of the composite. The LDPE–AC composites demonstrate enhanced material characteristics suitable for filtration, packaging, and environmental engineering. Further improvements in dispersion and interfacial adhesion are anticipated through surface modification or compatibiliser addition.