Expression of eNOS gene in PCOS patients and its relation to hypertension

Abstract

Background: This study investigates the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS, a prevalent endocrine disorder, is linked to several cardiovascular comorbidities, including hypertension, which is often associated with impaired eNOS function.

Methods: We analyzed gene expression, lipid profiles, and hormonal levels in 69 women, grouped into three categories: healthy controls, PCOS, and hypertensive PCOS (H-PCOS). eNOS expression was assessed using real-time PCR, and lipid and hormonal profiles were measured through biochemical assays.

Results: Our results revealed significant differences in eNOS expression between the PCOS and H-PCOS groups, with the H-PCOS group showing a substantial increase in eNOS activation (3213%) compared to the PCOS group (145%). Additionally, we found a strong negative correlation between eNOS expression and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in H-PCOS, suggesting that hypertension significantly reduces eNOS activity. Dysregulated lipid profiles, indicated by the TC/HDL ratio, were also linked to decreased eNOS activity in H-PCOS. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that eNOS expression could serve as a moderate diagnostic biomarker for differentiating hypertensive PCOS from controls.

Conclusion: These findings emphasize the complex relationship between hormonal, metabolic, and vascular factors in PCOS, with eNOS acting as a potential marker for diagnosing hypertension in PCOS patients. Further research is needed to refine the diagnostic utility and therapeutic implications of eNOS in this population.